Since I never get grant, I did with my own hands, all of the experiment. There were no technician, no students, nothing. I did everything. The papers, if you ask any question, I know exactly how it was done. I was the first author. I was the corresponding author. I didn't publish hundreds of papers, not even 100. I could not– when I get an award, I cannot say thanks to my wonderful graduate student and postdoc because I had [unintelligible]. I did with my own hands. Even I was 58 years old, those experiments, I enjoyed it. I know that people talk behind me because I was demoted. But I was happy in the lab and that's what I try to emphasize for the young one that I was in full control and I enjoy it. Oh, there is a new technical problem, solve it. I went home, I was buying the Nature, Science, and I could read at home the magazines. It was before 2000, 2002, digitally, I could download everything.

Then I was like, "Oh, maybe I could do that." Then next day I went and I could do it. I was culturing the bacteria, isolate [unintelligible], I designed the construct, made the RNA, seeded the cell, transfected measuring, everything.

Dr. Katalin Kariko is a biochemist and adjunct professor of neurosurgery at the University of Pennsylvania. She won the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her work in developing mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. She completed her schooling at the University of Szeged and carried out her post-doctoral work at the Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of Hungary.

Dr. Kariko received her Bachelor of Sciences in Biology in 1978 and her PhD in Biochemistry in 1982 from the University of Szeged. She completed her post-doctoral work at the Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of Hungary until 1985, when her lab at the Biological Research Centre lost funding. She then moved to the United States and carried out post-doctoral work at Temple University from 1981 to 1988 and at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences from 1988 to 1989. She then joined the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania in the Perelman School of Medicine’s neurosurgery department in 1989.

At the University of Pennsylvania, she began to collaborate with immunologist Drew Weissman, where the two experimented with modifying mRNA. In the early 2000’s, Kariko and Weissman discovered that swapping uridine with pseudouridine in mRNA created a molecule with favorable attributes such as reduced adverse reactions. This breakthrough led the way for many other modified mRNA molecules to be potentially used in a multitude of future medical applications, including developing effective mRNA vaccines against the COVID-19 virus during the height of the pandemic in 2020. For their development of mRNA biotechnology, Dr. Kariko and Dr. Weissman were awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Outside of the Nobel Prize, Dr. Kariko has received numerous awards for her contributions to science including the Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award in 2021, the Novo Nordisk Prize in 2022, being inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2023, the Harvey Prize in Human Health in 2024, and elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2025.